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ISTC-CC Abstract
AutoScale: Dynamic, Robust Capacity Management for
Multi-Tier
Data Centers
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) vol. 30, No. 4, Article 14, 2012.
Anshul Gandhi, Mor Harchol-Balter, Ram Raghunathan, Michael A. Kozuch†
Carnegie Mellon University
†Intel Labs
Energy costs for data centers continue to rise, already exceeding $15 billion yearly. Sadly much of this power is wasted. Servers are only busy 10–30% of the time on average, but they are often left on, while idle, utilizing 60% or more of peak power when in the idle state. We introduce a dynamic capacity management policy, AutoScale, that greatly reduces the number of servers needed in data centers driven by unpredictable, time-varying load, while meeting response time SLAs. AutoScale scales the data center capacity, adding or removing servers as needed. AutoScale has two key features: (i) it autonomically maintains just the right amount of spare capacity to handle bursts in the request rate; and (ii) it is robust not just to changes in the request rate of real-world traces, but also request size and server efficiency. We evaluate our dynamic capacity management approach via implementation on a 38-server multi-tier data center, serving a web site of the type seen in Facebook or Amazon, with a key-value store workload. We demonstrate that AutoScale vastly improves upon existing dynamic capacity management policies with respect to meeting SLAs and robustness.
KEYWORDS: Data centers, power management, resource provisioning
FULL PAPER: pdf
